915. Partition Array into Disjoint Intervals

Given an integer array nums, partition it into two (contiguous) subarrays left and right so that:

• Every element in left is less than or equal to every element in right.
• left and right are non-empty.
• left has the smallest possible size.

Return the length of left after such a partitioning.

Test cases are generated such that partitioning exists.

2134. Minimum Swaps to Group All 1’s Together II

A swap is defined as taking two distinct positions in an array and swapping the values in them.

A circular array is defined as an array where we consider the first element and the last element to be adjacent.

Given a binary circular array nums, return the minimum number of swaps required to group all 1’s present in the array together at any location.

1539. Kth Missing Positive Number

Given an array arr of positive integers sorted in a strictly increasing order, and an integer k.

Return the kth positive integer that is missing from this array.

441. Arranging Coins

You have n coins and you want to build a staircase with these coins. The staircase consists of k rows where the ith row has exactly i coins. The last row of the staircase may be incomplete.

Given the integer n, return the number of complete rows of the staircase you will build.

Word Ladder

You are given two words - beginWord and endWord. You also have a wordList of size n.
All words are of the same length.

You have to create a transformation sequence from beginWord to endWord that looks like this:
beginWord → str1 → str2 → str3 → … → strk

Adjacent pairs in the sequence differ by a single character, and all strings from str1 to strk lie in wordList.

Also strk = endWord.

Find the minimum number of words in the shortest possible transformation sequence. If such a sequence is not possible return 0.

1559. Detect Cycles in 2D Grid

Given a 2D array of characters grid of size m x n, you need to find if there exists any cycle consisting of the same value in grid.

A cycle is a path of length 4 or more in the grid that starts and ends at the same cell. From a given cell, you can move to one of the cells adjacent to it - in one of the four directions (up, down, left, or right), if it has the same value of the current cell.

Also, you cannot move to the cell that you visited in your last move. For example, the cycle (1, 1) -> (1, 2) -> (1, 1) is invalid because from (1, 2) we visited (1, 1) which was the last visited cell.

Return true if any cycle of the same value exists in grid, otherwise, return false.

670. Maximum Swap

You are given an integer num. You can swap two digits at most once to get the maximum valued number.

Return the maximum valued number you can get.

2100. Find Good Days to Rob the Bank

You and a gang of thieves are planning on robbing a bank. You are given a 0-indexed integer array security, where security[i] is the number of guards on duty on the ith day. The days are numbered starting from 0. You are also given an integer time.

The ith day is a good day to rob the bank if:

• There are at least time days before and after the ith day,
• The number of guards at the bank for the time days before i are non-increasing, and
• The number of guards at the bank for the time days after i are non-decreasing.

More formally, this means day i is a good day to rob the bank if and only if security[i - time] >= security[i - time + 1] >= … >= security[i] <= … <= security[i + time - 1] <= security[i + time].

Return a list of all days (0-indexed) that are good days to rob the bank. The order that the days are returned in does not matter.

675. Cut Off Trees for Golf Event

You are asked to cut off all the trees in a forest for a golf event. The forest is represented as an m x n matrix. In this matrix:

• 0 means the cell cannot be walked through.
• 1 represents an empty cell that can be walked through.
• A number greater than 1 represents a tree in a cell that can be walked through, and this number is the tree’s height.

In one step, you can walk in any of the four directions: north, east, south, and west. If you are standing in a cell with a tree, you can choose whether to cut it off.

You must cut off the trees in order from shortest to tallest. When you cut off a tree, the value at its cell becomes 1 (an empty cell).

Starting from the point (0, 0), return the minimum steps you need to walk to cut off all the trees. If you cannot cut off all the trees, return -1.

You are guaranteed that no two trees have the same height, and there is at least one tree needs to be cut off.

2293. Min Max Game

You are given a 0-indexed integer array nums whose length is a power of 2.

Apply the following algorithm on nums:

1. Let n be the length of nums. If n == 1, end the process. Otherwise, create a new 0-indexed integer array newNums of length n / 2.
2. For every even index i where 0 <= i < n / 2, assign the value of newNums[i] as min(nums[2 i], nums[2 i + 1]).
3. For every odd index i where 0 <= i < n / 2, assign the value of newNums[i] as max(nums[2 i], nums[2 i + 1]).
4. Replace the array nums with newNums.
5. Repeat the entire process starting from step 1.

Return the last number that remains in nums after applying the algorithm.