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| #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define Code ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); #define By cin.tie(NULL); #define Sumfi cout.tie(NULL);
using ll= long long; using lld= long double; using ull= unsigned long long;
const lld pi= 3.141592653589793238; const ll INF= 1e18; const ll mod=1e9+7;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll; typedef vector<ll> vll; typedef vector<pll> vpll; typedef vector<string> vs; typedef unordered_map<ll,ll> umll; typedef map<ll,ll> mll;
#define ff first #define ss second #define pb push_back #define ist insert #define has count #define mp make_pair #define fl(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++) #define rl(i,m,n) for(int i=n;i>=m;i--) #define py cout<<"YES\n"; #define pm cout<<"-1\n"; #define pn cout<<"NO\n"; #define vr(v) v.begin(),v.end() #define rv(v) v.end(),v.begin()
#ifdef AbhinavAwasthi #define debug(x) cerr << #x<<" "; cerr<<x<<" "; cerr << endl; #else #define debug(x); #endif
template<typename T1, typename T2> istream& operator>>(istream &istream, pair<T1, T2> &p) { return (istream >> p.first >> p.second); } template<typename T> istream& operator>>(istream &istream, vector<T> &v){for (auto &it : v)cin >> it;return istream;} template<typename T1, typename T2> ostream& operator<<(ostream &ostream, const pair<T1, T2> &p) { return (ostream << p.first << " " << p.second); } template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream &ostream, const vector<T> &c) { for (auto &it : c) cout << it << " "; return ostream; }
template <typename T> void print(T &&t) { cout << t << "\n"; } void printarr(ll arr[], ll n){fl(i,n) cout << arr[i] << " ";cout << "\n";} template<typename T> void printvec(vector<T>v){ll n=v.size();fl(i,n)cout<<v[i]<<" ";cout<<"\n";} template<typename T> ll sumvec(vector<T>v){ll n=v.size();ll s=0;fl(i,n)s+=v[i];return s;}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b){if (b == 0)return a;return gcd(b, a % b);} ll lcm(ll a, ll b){return (a/gcd(a,b)*b);} ll moduloMultiplication(ll a,ll b,ll mod){ll res = 0;a %= mod;while (b){if (b & 1)res = (res + a) % mod;b >>= 1;}return res;} ll powermod(ll x, ll y, ll p){ll res = 1;x = x % p;if (x == 0) return 0;while (y > 0){if (y & 1)res = (res*x) % p;y = y>>1;x = (x*x) % p;}return res;} ll powerll(ll x, ll n){ll res=1;while(n){if (n & 1){res=res * x;}n>>=1;x*=x;}return res;}
bool sorta(const pair<int,int> &a,const pair<int,int> &b){return (a.second < b.second);} bool sortd(const pair<int,int> &a,const pair<int,int> &b){return (a.second > b.second);}
string decToBinary(int n){string s="";int i = 0;while (n > 0) {s =to_string(n % 2)+s;n = n / 2;i++;}return s;} ll binaryToDecimal(string n){string num = n;ll dec_value = 0;int base = 1;int len = num.length();for(int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--){if (num[i] == '1')dec_value += base;base = base * 2;}return dec_value;}
bool isPrime(ll n){if(n<=1)return false;if(n<=3)return true;if(n%2==0||n%3==0)return false;for(int i=5;i*i<=n;i=i+6)if(n%i==0||n%(i+2)==0)return false;return true;} bool isPowerOfTwo(int n){if(n==0)return false;return (ceil(log2(n)) == floor(log2(n)));} bool isPerfectSquare(ll x){if (x >= 0) {ll sr = sqrt(x);return (sr * sr == x);}return false;}
ll graphParent(vll& v,ll n) {return v[n]==n?n:v[n]=graphParent(v,v[n]);} void graphMerge(vll& v,ll a,ll b) {ll aa=graphParent(v,a),bb=graphParent(v,b);if(aa>bb){swap(aa,bb);}v[aa]=v[bb]=aa;}
void sumfi() { ll n, x, y, a, b; cin>>n>>x>>y; vll m1(n+1), m2(n+1); vpll res; fl(i,n+1) m1[i]=m2[i]=i; fl(i,x) { cin>>a>>b; graphMerge(m1,a,b); } fl(i,y){ cin>>a>>b; graphMerge(m2,a,b); } for(ll i=1;i<=n;++i){ for(ll j=i+1;j<=n;++j){ ll m1ip=graphParent(m1,i),m1jp=graphParent(m1,j),m2ip=graphParent(m2,i),m2jp=graphParent(m2,j); if(m1ip!=m1jp and m2ip!=m2jp) { graphMerge(m1,i,j); graphMerge(m2,i,j); res.pb(mp(i,j)); } } } cout<<res.size()<<endl; for(auto [k,v]:res) cout<<k<<" "<<v<<endl; }
int main() { Code By Sumfi ll t; { sumfi(); } return 0; }
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